[359], The natural vegetation cover of the Bosporus region is made up of temperate broadleaf and mixed forests and pseudo-maquis. The biggest defeat for the government came in the 2019 local elections, where their candidate for Mayor, former Prime Minister Binali Yldrm, was defeated by a very narrow margin by the opposition candidate Ekrem mamolu. Byzantium (Under Athens) 478 BC404 BC Between the four corners of the obelisk and the pedestal are four bronze cubes, used in its transportation and re-erection. [15], Haydarpaa, at the southeastern end of the Bosporus, was Istanbul's largest port until the early 2000s. [235], Much of Turkey's cultural scene had its roots in Istanbul, and by the 1980s and 1990s Istanbul reemerged globally as a city whose cultural significance is not solely based on its past glory. [228] Since then operations were shifted to Ambarl, with plans to convert Haydarpaa into a tourism complex. [217] The contest in Istanbul carried deep political, economic and symbolic significance for Erdoan, whose election of mayor of Istanbul in 1994 had served as his launchpad. [101] Furthermore, while the city itself lies in USDA hardiness zones 9a to 9b, its inland suburbs lie in zone 8b with isolated pockets of zone 8a, restricting the cultivation of cold-hardy subtropical plants to the coasts. More arrivals per year shows how important the city is viewed internationally, and may indicate better infrastructure, such as airports, public transport, [239], The first film screening in Turkey was at Yldz Palace in 1896, a year after the technology publicly debuted in Paris. [133] Inland, north of Taksim Square is the Istanbul Central Business District, a set of corridors lined with office buildings, residential towers, shopping centers, and university campuses, and over 2,000,000m2 (22,000,000sqft) of class-A office space in total. Turkish National Movement 1923 [85][86], A 1942 wealth tax assessed mainly on non-Muslims led to the transfer or liquidation of many businesses owned by religious minorities. [63] Mehmed declared himself as the new Kayser-i Rm (the Ottoman Turkish equivalent of the Caesar of Rome) and the Ottoman state was reorganized into an empire. WebIstanbul (Turkey) is 2.64 times as big as New York City (US) No description found. [148] It was originally part of an ancient Greek sacrificial tripod in Delphi that was erected to commemorate the Greeks who fought and defeated the Persian Empire at the Battle of Plataea (479 BCE). 41.74% lower population density? [227] While the project was still on Turkey's agenda in 2020, there has not been a clear date set for it. Webistanbul size comparison. Leaving aboard the British warship HMS Malaya on 17 November 1922, he went into exile and died in Sanremo, Italy, on 16 May 1926. [209] They continue to live in Istanbul (mostly in Karaky, Beyolu and Nianta), and Izmir (mostly in Karyaka, Bornova and Buca). [95][106] Snowfall varies widely between years and different areas of the city, with districts facing north more prone to receive snow than southerly ones. [144] The AKP government's decision to replace Taksim Gezi Park with a replica of the Ottoman era Taksim Military Barracks (which was transformed into the Taksim Stadium in 1921, before being demolished in 1940 for building Gezi Park) sparked a series of nationwide protests in 2013 covering a wide range of issues. There are 13.4 million people living in the city, while London has only 8.1 million people (Versus par. Pera (now Beyolu) was the first area of the city to have its own director and council, with members instead being longtime residents of the neighborhood. [153] The Hagia Sophia stood as the world's largest cathedral in the world until it was converted into a mosque in the 15th century. Emirgan Park is known for its diversity of plants and an annual tulip festival is held there since 2005. [237] When additional universities and art journals were founded in Istanbul during the 1980s, artists formerly based in Ankara moved in. Despite efforts to make Ankara Turkey's cultural heart, Istanbul had the country's primary institution of art until the 1970s. [162] The city, considered capital of the larger Istanbul Province, is administered by the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality (MMI), which oversees the 39 districts of the city-province. In the following centuries, and especially after the Tanzimat reforms, Ottoman architecture was supplanted by European styles. Akmerkez was awarded the titles of "Europe's best" and "World's best" shopping mall by the International Council of Shopping Centers in 1995 and 1996; Istanbul Cevahir has been one of the continent's largest since opening in 2005; and Kanyon won the Cityscape Architectural Review Award in the Commercial Built category in 2006. Mirroring the executive committee at the municipal level, the Provincial Executive Committee includes a secretary-general and leaders of departments that advise the Provincial Parliament. 1551 people/km vs 2662 people/km 3.68$ cheaper monthly public transport ticket? Like the MMI, the Istanbul Special Provincial Administration has a governor, a democratically elected decision-making bodythe Provincial Parliamentand an appointed Executive Committee. WebWith a total population of around fifteen million residents in its metropolitan area, Istanbul is one of the world's largest cities by population, standing as the world's fifteenth-largest [15], Shipping is a significant part of the city's economy, with 73.9 percent of exports and 92.7 percent of imports in 2018 executed by sea. It is also larger in size and has a lower population density, although the overall population of Istanbul is significantly higher than that of London. UEFA does not apparently keep a list of Category 4 stadiums, but regulations stipulate that only these elite stadiums are eligible to host UEFA Champions League Finals. See the Toponomy section of this article, or. Lining both the European and Asian shores of the Bosporus are the historic yals, luxurious chalet mansions built by Ottoman aristocrats and elites as summer homes. [298], Public universities with a major presence in the city, such as Istanbul University, Istanbul Technical University (the world's third-oldest university dedicated entirely to engineering, established in 1773), and Boazii University (formerly the higher education section of Robert College until 1971) provide education in English as the primary foreign language, while the primary foreign language of education at Galatasaray University is French (as is the case at Galatasaray High School). [169] All members of the district councils and the Municipal Council, including the metropolitan mayor, are elected to five-year terms. [322] The O-7 motorway connects Istanbul Atatrk Airport with Istanbul Airport. As of 2019[update] the city's mean air quality remains of a level so as to affect the heart and lungs of healthy street bystanders during peak traffic hours,[370] and almost 200 days of pollution were measured by the air pollution sensors at Sultangazi, Mecidiyeky, Alibeyky and Kathane. [41] Long allied with the Romans, Byzantium officially became a part of the Roman Empire in 73 CE. Because of its hilly topography and maritime influences, Istanbul exhibits a multitude of distinct microclimates. [18] Constantinople remained the most common name for the city in the West until the 1930s, when Turkish authorities began to press for the use of "Istanbul" in foreign languages. [73], A period of rebellion at the start of the 19th century led to the rise of the progressive Sultan Mahmud II and eventually to the Tanzimat period, which produced political reforms and allowed new technology to be introduced to the city. 11431180). [191][201], Into the 19th century, the Christians of Istanbul tended to be either Greek Orthodox, members of the Armenian Apostolic Church or Catholic Levantines. [228], Istanbul has been an international banking hub since the 1980s,[15] and is home to the only active stock exchange in Turkey, Borsa Istanbul, which was originally established as the Ottoman Stock Exchange in 1866. WebCompare the size of countries, regions and cities Istanbul (Turkey) size comparison Save 2,063 km2 / 796 mile2 No description found. [169] Since the government operates under a "powerful mayor, weak council" approach, the council's leaderthe metropolitan mayorhas the authority to make swift decisions, often at the expense of transparency. [365] Apart from the wild land mammals Istanbul hosts a sizeable stray animal population. [293] Istanbul's airwaves are the busiest in Turkey, primarily featuring either Turkish-language or English-language content. New York City (US) New York City (NYC), often called simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. [141] The Turkish government also has ambitious plans for an expansion of the city west and northwards on the European side in conjunction with the new Istanbul Airport, opened in 2019; the new parts of the city will include four different settlements with specified urban functions, housing 1.5million people. By 1876, the first international mailing network between Istanbul and the lands beyond the Ottoman Empire had been established. WebThese Cymbals are the all new IMC Cymbals from Istanbul Mehmet. [253] Zorlu Center and stinye Park are among the other upscale malls in Istanbul which include the stores of the world's top fashion brands. [10][18] Megarian colonists claimed a direct line back to the founders of the city, Byzas, the son of the god Poseidon and the nymph Cerossa. [368], Air pollution in Turkey is acute in stanbul with cars, buses and taxis causing frequent urban smog,[369] as it is one of the few European cities without a low-emission zone. Web15.5M. The Sleymaniye Mosque, built by Suleiman the Magnificent, was designed by his chief architect Mimar Sinan, the most illustrious of all Ottoman architects, who designed many of the city's renowned mosques and other types of public buildings and monuments.[155]. [174], With the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality and Istanbul Province having equivalent jurisdictions, few responsibilities remain for the provincial government. [259], The Princes' Islands, 15 kilometers (9mi) from the city center, are also popular for their seafood restaurants. Sephardic Jews settled in the city after their expulsion from Spain and Portugal in 1492 and 1497. [293] Today, TRT runs four national radio stations; these stations have transmitters across the country so each can reach over 90 percent of the country's population, but only Radio 2 is based in Istanbul. [219], More recently, Istanbul and many of Turkey's metropolitan cities are following a trend away from the government and their right-wing ideology. [290] As public hospitals tend to be overcrowded or otherwise slow, private hospitals are preferable for those who can afford them. [citation needed], Between the 20052011 seasons,[278] and in the 2020 season,[279] Istanbul Park racing circuit hosted the Formula One Turkish Grand Prix. Web14.9 million. [104] Summer is considerably drier; unlike a true Mediterranean climate however, there is no true dry season as defined by Kppen. [84] On 29 October 1923 the Grand National Assembly of Turkey declared the establishment of the Turkish Republic, with Ankara as its capital. Istanbul also has an active nightlife and historic taverns, a signature characteristic of the city for centuries, if not millennia. [58] Constantinople's churches, defenses, and basic services were in disrepair,[59] and its population had dwindled to a hundred thousand from half a million during the 8th century. Persian Empire 512 BC478 BC [148] The lower part of the obelisk was damaged in antiquity, probably during its transport to Alexandria in 357 CE or during its re-erection at the Hippodrome of Constantinople in 390 CE. [214][215][216], Politically, Istanbul is seen as the most important administrative region in Turkey. [44], Constantine the Great effectively became the emperor of the whole of the Roman Empire in September 324. [255] stiklal Avenue, originally known for its taverns, has shifted toward shopping, but the nearby Nevizade Street is still lined with winehouses and pubs. [70], Social hierarchy was ignored by the rampant plague, which killed the rich and the poor alike in the 16th century. [295] Istanbul is home to the headquarters of several Turkish stations and regional headquarters of international media outlets. It Mustafa Kemal Atatrk became the Republic's first President. [349] Private bus companies still operation to this day. [47][48] Numerous churches were built across the city, including Hagia Sophia which was built during the reign of Justinian the Great and remained the world's largest cathedral for a thousand years. Leonardo da Vinci International Airport In 2013 and 2014, large-scale anti-AKP government protests began in stanbul and spread throughout the nation. Necdet Sakaolu (1993/94a): "stanbul'un adlar" ["The names of Istanbul"]. It never returned to being the world's largest, but remained the largest city in Europe from 1500 to 1750, when it was surpassed by London. mamolu won the vote with 48.77% of the vote, against Yldrm's 48.61%, but the elections were controversially annulled by the Supreme Electoral Council due to AKP's claim of electoral fraud. In the re-run mamolu gathered 54.22% of the total vote and widened the defeat margin. [135], During the Ottoman period, skdar (then Scutari) and Kadky were outside the scope of the urban area, serving as tranquil outposts with seaside yals and gardens. [68] Revitalizing Istanbul also required a massive program of restorations, of everything from roads to aqueducts. A married women is also registered to her husband's province. [71], The Ottoman Dynasty claimed the status of caliphate in 1517, with Constantinople remaining the capital of this last caliphate for four centuries. [211] By 1711, using the printing press, books came to be published in Spanish and Ladino, Yiddish, and Hebrew. [337], DO (Istanbul Seabuses) runs a combination of all-passenger ferries and car-and-passenger ferries to ports on both sides of the Bosphorus, as far north as the Black Sea. [89], Istanbul is located in north-western Turkey and straddles the straitBosporus, which provides the only passage from the Black Sea to the Mediterranean via the Sea of Marmara. [32], The history of the city proper begins around 660 BCE,[10][33][d] when Greek settlers from Megara established Byzantium on the European side of the Bosporus. [366][367] Rose-ringed parakeet colonies are present in urban areas, similar to other European cities as feral parrots, and considered as invasive species. [191], 2019 survey study by KONDA that examined the religiosity of the voting-age adults in Istanbul showed that 57% of the surveyed had a religion and were trying to practise its requirements. [27][26][28][29] The first human settlement on the Asian side, the Fikirtepe mound, is from the Copper Age period, with artifacts dating from 5500 to 3500 BCE,[30] On the European side, near the point of the peninsula (Sarayburnu), there was a Thracian settlement during the early 1st millennium BCE. [303], The Silahtaraa Power Station, a coal-fired power plant along the Golden Horn, was the sole source of Istanbul's electricity between 1914, when its first engine room was completed, and 1952. It was traditionally held at the Hezarfen Airfield in Istanbul. [176] Ali Yerlikaya has been the Governor of Istanbul Province since 26 October 2018. [15] Historically, the city has been ideally situated for trade and defense: The confluence of the Sea of Marmara, the Bosporus, and the Golden Horn provide both ideal defense against enemy attack and a natural toll-gate. [338][339] With additional destinations around the Sea of Marmara, DO runs the largest municipal ferry operation in the world. Dumbarton Oaks Papers 23, (1969): 22949. Despite its development as a Turkish city since 1453, it contains many ancient, Roman, Byzantine, Christian, Muslim, and Jewish monuments. [251] The city has numerous shopping centers, from the historic to the modern. [302] Today, Istanbul has a chlorinated and filtered water supply and a sewage treatment system managed by the Istanbul Water and Sewerage Administration (stanbul Su ve Kanalizasyon daresi, SK). The deportation of Armenian intellectuals on 24 April 1915 was among the major events which marked the start of the Armenian genocide during WWI. [318] The completed section of highway crosses the Bosphorus Strait via the Yavuz Sultan Selim (Third Bosphorus) Bridge, entered service on 26 August 2016. From this flagship festival came the International Istanbul Film Festival and the Istanbul Jazz Festival in the early 1980s. These costs include accommodation (assuming double occupancy, so the traveler is sharing the room), food, transportation, and entertainment. [164][165] This system continued beyond the founding of the Turkish Republic, with the province renamed a belediye (municipality), but the municipality was disbanded in 1957.[166]. [78], Sultan Abdul Hamid II was deposed with the Young Turk Revolution in 1908 and the Ottoman Parliament, closed since 14 February 1878, was reopened 30 years later on 23 July 1908, which marked the beginning of the Second Constitutional Era. New York City (NYC), often called simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. WebCompare the size of countries, regions and cities Moscow (Russia) size comparison S ave 2,511 km2 / 969 mile2 No description found. [301] In later years, in response to increasing public demand, water from various springs was channeled to public fountains, like the Fountain of Ahmed III, by means of supply lines. For the purpose of parliamentary elections, Istanbul is divided into three electoral districts; two on the European side and one on the Asian side, electing 28, 35 and 35 MPs respectively. The city straddles the Bosporus strait, lying in both Europe and Asia, and has a population of over 15 million residents, comprising 19% of the population of Turkey. The Byzantine Empire was restored, albeit weakened, in 1261. Modern authors have linked it to the Thracian toponym Lygos,[31] mentioned by Pliny the Elder as an earlier name for the site of Byzantium. WebCompare the size of the most important cities in the world and find out interesting facts about them. [10], Over 13.4 million foreign visitors came to Istanbul in 2018, eight years after it was named a European Capital of Culture, making it the world's eighth most visited city. [26] It is the oldest known human settlement on the European side of the city. [203] Following Greek migration to the city for work in the 2010s, the Greek population rose to nearly 3,000 in 2019, still greatly diminished since 1919, when it stood at 350,000. Istanbul became one of the world's most important Jewish centers in the 16th and 17th century. osannye (Ottoman Turkish: ) and stanbul were the names used alternatively by the Ottomans during their rule. Fish diversity in the waters of Istanbul has dwindled in the recent decades. [18] Some Ottoman sources of the 17th century, such as Evliya elebi, describe it as the common Turkish name of the time; between the late 17th and late 18th centuries, it was also in official use. [323][324] Apart from the three Bosphorus Bridges, the dual-deck, 14.6-kilometer (9.1mi) Eurasia Tunnel (which entered service on 20 December 2016) under the Bosphorus strait also provides road crossings for motor vehicles between the Asian and European sides of Turkey. The cost of living in Istanbul is 122% more expensive than in Konya. [291] Hrriyet's English-language edition, Hrriyet Daily News, has been printed since 1961, but the English-language Daily Sabah, first published by Sabah in 2014, has overtaken it in circulation. Mediterranean monk seals were present in Bosporus, and Princes' Islands and Tuzla shores were seal breeding areas during summer, but they have not been observed in Istanbul since the 1960s and thought to be extinct in the region. [71] Although the Sultan lived at a safe remove from the masses, and the wealthy and poor tended to live side by side, for the most part Istanbul was not zoned as modern cities are. [40] Byzantium then continued as part of the Athenian League and its successor, the Second Athenian League, before gaining independence in 355 BCE. [64][65], Following the conquest of Constantinople,[f] Mehmed II immediately set out to revitalize the city. [61] In the mid-14th-century, the Ottoman Turks began a strategy of gradually taking smaller towns and cities, cutting off Constantinople's supply routes and strangling it slowly. [281] Istanbul Park was also a venue of the World Touring Car Championship and the European Le Mans Series in 2005 and 2006, but the track has not seen either of these competitions since then. The whole city was generally known as Constantinople or under other names. A follow-up to Chandler & Fox 1974, In the Ottoman period the inner core of the city, inside the city walls, came to be known as "stanbul" in Turkish and "Stamboul" in the West. We'll show you the perimeters of two different countries on the same map. [20], The name stanbul (Turkish pronunciation:[istanbu] (listen), colloquially Turkish pronunciation:[stambu]) is commonly held to derive from the Medieval Greek phrase " " (pronounced Greek pronunciation:[is tim bolin]), which means "to the city"[21] and is how Constantinople was referred to by the local Greeks. "Urban flora and ecological characteristics of the Kartal District (Istanbul): A contribution to urban ecology in Turkey". [50][51] Constantinople's location also ensured its existence would stand the test of time; for many centuries, its walls and seafront protected Europe against invaders from the east and the advance of Islam. The Genoese fortifications in Galata were largely demolished in the 19th century, leaving only the Galata Tower, to make way for the northward expansion of the city. Following the model of French cities, this religious system was replaced by a mayor and a citywide council composed of representatives of the confessional groups (millet) across the city. [132], Dolmabahe Palace, the seat of government during the late Ottoman period, is in the Beikta district on the European shore of the Bosporus strait, to the north of Beyolu. [316][317][318] The density of expressway network is 16.8km/100km2. The Sultan Ahmed Mosque (Blue Mosque), another landmark of the city, faces the Hagia Sophia at Sultanahmet Square (Hippodrome of Constantinople). Beikta JK, established in 1903, is considered the oldest of these sports clubs. [362] Bluefish, bonito, sea bass, horse mackerel and anchovies composes the economically important species. 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