Some scholars have suggested that Asser's life of King Alfred was a forgery. It is likely that the battle took place at Edington in Wiltshire. The Battle of Barry is a legendary battle in which the Scots, purportedly led by Malcolm II, defeated a Danish invasion force in 1010 AD. It might not seem it. After the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of East Anglia, Mercia, and Northumbria had been conquered by the Danish army, Wessex in southern England held out against the invaders. In 968, another charter reported that King Edgar had granted land at Edyndon to Romsey Abbey. Whilst here I also recommend exiting the spring area on to the slopes of Luccombe Bottom itself. The battle is won by the Saxons. The Battle at Edington was swift and decisive according to Asser, the great biographer and chronicler of Alfred's Life. Its Grade I listed parish church was built for Edington Priory in the 14th century. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle attempts to convey the impression that Alfred held the initiative; it is "a bland chronicle which laconically charts the movements of the Danish victors while at the same time disingenuously striving to convey the impression that Alfred was in control",[14] although it fails. The Battle of Edington is a decisive military engagement. The primary sources for the location of the battle are Asser's Life of King Alfred, which names the place as "Ethandun" and the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, which has Eandune. Date: May 878: Location: Probably Edington, Wiltshire. Hvitserk erects a grave for his brother Ivar and then mourns him telling him to enjoy Valhalla while it lasts as the age of Christianity will flourish. It was said to have been under the leadership of the brothers Ivar the Boneless, Ubba, and Halfdan Ragnarsson. ." After a heartfelt farewell to his brother, Hvitserk ran and took cover amidst the slaughter. Bratton '11. Tinhead is the former name of the eastern half of present-day Edington, towards Coulston along the . [8], Mercia had collapsed by 874, and the Army's cohesion went with it. Arguments for the alternative sites were generally name-based, although with the large interest in everything Alfredian in the 19th century, any site that had an Alfredian connection could be guaranteed large numbers of tourists, so this was also a driving force to find a link. Their leader: Alfred the Great. 120-125. In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. Corrections? Vikings-English Wars It depicts the confrontation between the Vikings led by Ivar and King Harald and the Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of Wessex. At the start of the year, the Vikings, led by Guthrum (one of many self-proclaimed Danish kings) broke previous terms of peace between him and Alfred and launched a surprise attack on Chippenham, where Alfred was staying over the winter. Burkitt, Annette, Burkitt suggests that on philological grounds, Iley, written by Asser as 'y glea', may refer to Old Welsh (Asser is writing, a Welshman) 'y lle' 'at the place'. Worthy of exploring to learn about the Viking's strategic sneak attacks during battle, Chippenham is a small village in northwest Wiltshire, England. Even if Alfred had caught up with the Danish force, it is unlikely that he could have accomplished anything. The fact that his army could not defend the fortified Chippenham, even in "an age as yet untrained in siege warfare" casts great doubt on its ability to defeat the Danes in an open field, unaided by fortifications. [14] The Danes promptly slipped off to Exeter, even deeper into Alfred's kingdom, where they concluded in the autumn of 877 a "firm peace" with Alfred,[13] under terms that entailed their leaving his kingdom and not returning. This points primarily the area around Wilton House and the former abbey, or possibly the site of the current town centre. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output . In addition, Ealdorman Aethelred Mucel of Mercia's son Aethelred led an experienced Mercian contingent to join the West Saxons. Kingdom of Wessex Wessex had always been the focal point for Viking raids and invasions. [30][34] In 968, another charter reported that King Edgar had granted land at Edyndon to Romsey Abbey. The first major battle of the Peninsular War. Nottingham Forest Head Coach, The Domesday book has an entry for Romsey Abbey holding land at Edendone(Wilt'schire) at the time of Edward the Confessor and also in 1086, and this is known to be at Edington, Wiltshire. In four months, the harshness of winter can be replaced by the the bright warmth of . Battle of Edington was an event which occurred in The Saxon Stories novel series, and The Last Kingdom television series. In 1840 there were 12 Edington families living in Tennessee. Alfred succeeded in forcing the Danes to withdraw to Mercia, but the reprieve was brief. Alternatives to Edington, Wiltshire, have been suggested since early times. King Alfred Bishop Aldulf Battle of Edington - Battle in Wiltshire at which Alfred the Great defeated a Danish army, forcing them to withdraw from Wessex into East Anglia Battle of Edington, 878 Home - Book Shop - Wars - Battles - Biographies - Timeline - Weapons - Blog - Full Index - Subjects - Concepts - Country - Documents - Pictures & Maps The Witan met there in 957. Casualties A significant Iron Age hillfort near Edington is called, "Alfred the Great and The Battle of Edington", "Viking Tide: Alfred the Great during the Danish Invasions", Asser's Life of King Alfred: Asserius De Rebus Gestis lfredi, "The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: An Electronic Edition (Vol 1) literary edition", "The Electronic Sawyer an online version of the revised edition of Sawyer's Anglo-Saxon Charters section one [S 1-1602]", "On the Barrow at Lanhill near Chippenham; and on the Battles of Cynuit and Ethandun", Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Magazine. Battle of Ethandun 878. Alfreds warriors, fighting on foot, confronted the Danes with a dense shield wall. By 896 the Vikings gave up with some going to East Anglia and others going to Northumbria. The indicates that the character died during the battle. [55] Guthrum reigned as king in East Anglia until his death in 890, and although this period was not always peaceful he was not considered a threat. When the battle begins, the Saxons use their shield wall strategy to slowly advance, which allows them to gain ground. Retrieved January 18, 2023 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/edington-battle. Something Something. It is believed that Asser's Life was originally written in 893; however, no contemporary manuscript survives. Location. BATTLE OF THE EDINGTON In 878 Alfred the Great, king of the Wessex, attacked the Danish territory of England. In the seventh week after Easter, or between 4 and 7 May, Alfred called a levy at Ecgbryhtesstan (Egbert's Stone). The Oxford Companion to British History. Frna . [18] The next day, Alfred's host moved to Iley Oak,[22] and then the day after that to Eandun. Forge alliances, manage settlements, raise armies and pursue campaigns of conquest across the most detailed Total War map ever. Omissions? At the other end of the country, in the Kingdom of Northumbria, during 793 the holy island of Lindisfarne was raided..mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}, "This year dire forwarnings came over the land of the Northhumbrians, and miserably terrified the people; these were excessive whirlwinds, and lightnings; and fiery dragons were seen flying in the air. Travelers, explorers and adventurers like Florence Nightingale, David Livingstone, Ernest Shackleton, Lewis and Clark and Sherlock Holmes relied on maps to plan travels to the world's most remote corners, Timeless Maps is mapping most locations on the globe, showing the achievement of . Result. A charter records a meeting of the king's council at Eandun, although a later scribe has annotated the same document with Eandune. The history of the event relies heavily on tradition and it is currently considered to be apocryphal.The battle was named for the Parish of Barry, rather than the village, and . [26] Some scholars have suggested that Asser's life of King Alfred was a forgery. [9] Guthrum, with two other unnamed kings, "departed for Cambridge in East Anglia". Battle between kingdom of Wessex and the Great Heathen Army in 878 By the end of the 9th century, all of the Anglo-Danish rulers were minting coins too. and also Edington), enough to . Publishers Clearing House Spokesperson List, Thebattlewas fought in 878, when theWessex army, under KingAlfred,defeated the"Great Heathen Army"under theVikingkingGuthrum. Articles such as this one were acquired and published with the primary aim of expanding the information on Britannica.com with greater speed and efficiency than has traditionally been possible. The Battle of Edington is a decisive military engagement. The Viking Invasions of England. [18][19][23] There, on an unknown date between 6 and 12 May,[24] they fought the Danes. However, the date of retrieval is often important. The Great Heathen Army, which was formed to avenge the death of Ragnar Lothbrok, had smashed the Saxon army at the Battle of Repton and sacked Winchester. There was little that Alfred could do about the Danish menace between 875 and the end of 877, beyond repeatedly paying the invaders off. Place We're a volunteer run registered charity dedicated to the protection, promotion and interpretation of Britain's battlefields. [51], Under the terms of the Treaty of Wedmore, the converted Guthrum was required to leave Wessex and return to East Anglia. In the same year another battle is fought at Fferyllwg, 'between the Wye and the Severn', and this time it is the Welsh who carry the day. They had reinforcements too. Reinvading Wessex, they captured Wareham and, in 877, occupied Exeter. Fortunately for Wessex, they did not use the time available effectively. : NCE, 15] Edington, battle of, 878 Eggmuhl, battle of , 22 April 1809 Eilbote (Courier), Operation, 18 January-February 1943 El Agheila or Mersa Brega, battle of, 12-18 December 1942 El Alamein, first battle of, 1-27 July 1942 El Alamein, second battle of, 23 October-4 November 1942 Elandslaagte, battle of, 21 October 1899 Elba, battle of, 28 August 1652 The Battle of Edington is a decisive military engagement. Primary sources locate the battle at "Eandun". Fortunately for Wessex, they did not use the time available effectively. [6] It was said to have been under the leadership of the brothers Ivar the Boneless, Ubba, and Halfdan Ragnarsson. Decisive Wessex victory The Great Heathen Army is crushed by the deaths of its leaders Harald and Ivar Hvitserk is captured What made this army different from those before it was the intent of the leaders. We discover more about King Alfred the Great and how he set the foundations for the nation that would become England. As with every major battle, the events preceding and following Ethandun were as important as the battle itself. Moving inside the country in the English rivers, they began burning villages and forcing civilians to flee before their advance. Battle of Edington - Battle in Wiltshire at which Alfred the Great defeated a Danish army, forcing them to withdraw from Wessex into East Anglia Battle of Edington, 878 Home - Book Shop - Wars - Battles - Biographies - Timeline - Weapons - Blog - Full Index - Subjects - Concepts - Country - Documents - Pictures & Maps The men of even one shire could be a formidable fighting force, as those of Devon proved in the same year, defeating an army under Ubbe Ragnarsson at the Battle of Cynwit. Map from Laborde's original 1925 paper suggesting the location of the Battle of Maldon. The kingdom of Mercia was divided up, with part going to Alfred's Wessex and the other part to Guthrum's East Anglia. The primary reason for Alfred's victory was probably the relative size of the two armies. The main reason for the Anglo-Saxon victory was probably mainly due to the size of the Wessex army, and the lack of unity and organisation between the different forces making up the Danish army. [58], After the defeat of Guthrum at the Battle of Edington, Alfred's reforms to military obligations in Wessex made it increasingly difficult for the Vikings to raid successfully. It was under Alfred that the Viking threat was contained. The Saxon forces however had been mauled and lost more warriors than the Norse forces. However, the brothers managed to regain the confidence of the Kattegat civilians and Ivar convinced King Harald to attack Wessex and conquer England once and for all. Some Saxon warriors were also trapped and killed by spiked rakes which had been hidden under the leaves. 118-120, Wood. Viking expansion was the historical movement which led Norse explorers, traders and warriors, the latter known in modern scholarship as Vikings, to sail most of the North Atlantic, reaching south as far as North Africa and east as far as Russia, and through the Mediterranean as far as Constantinople and the Middle East, acting as looters, traders, colonists and mercenaries. . Hastings, battle of, 1066. . According to the Life: "Fighting ferociously, forming a dense shield-wall against the whole army of the Pagans, and striving long and bravelyat last he [Alfred] gained the victory. [7] By 870, the Northmen had conquered the kingdoms of Northumbria and East Anglia, and in 871 they attacked Wessex. Hvitserk immediately rushed to his little brother to cradle him as he cried out in tears "I am afraid!" Location Guthrum or Guthrum the Unlucky (later known as thelstan of East Anglia) was a main character and former antagonist in both The Saxon Stories novel series, and The Last Kingdom television series. RED = Alfred's forces. It is believed that Asser's Life was originally written in 893; however, no contemporary manuscript survives. Let's throw a little light into the Dark Ages. However, Ubbe was met by Ealdorman Odda of Devon in the Battle of Cynwit, and Ubbe was struck down in battle and his fleet destroyed. A map of the route taken by the Viking Great Heathen Army which arrived in England from Denmark, Norway, and southern Sweden in 865. Primary sources locate the battle at "Eandun". Battle of Edington, (612 May 878). With his small warband, a fraction of his army at Chippenham, Alfred could not hope to retake the town from the Danes, who had in previous battles (for example at Reading in 871) proved themselves adept at defending fortified positions. Edington is a village and civil parish in Wiltshire, England, about 4 miles (6 km) east-northeast of Westbury.The village lies under the north slope of Salisbury Plain and the parish extends south onto the Plain. Guthrum, in turn, ordered that no mercy be showed to the Anglo-Saxons. . [9] His army settled there, and he is not mentioned after 876, when "[the Danes] were engaged in ploughing and making a living for themselves". Vol 4 Ep 25 - BATTLE - The Battle of Edington ( 878 ) 878 - The inevitable showdown between the Danish Vikings whose intensity against the Anglo-Saxons reached breaking point. Guthrum, with two other unnamed kings, "departed for Cambridge in East Anglia". [33] A charter records a meeting of the king's council at Eandun, although a later scribe has annotated the same document with Eandune. Alfred moved his army until he confronted the Danes at what is believed to be Edington Wiltshire although the exact location is still disputed. Chronology 878 Joshua Fit De Battle of Jericho (l. 13), 'Woeful Danes', Michinhampton, Gloucestershire. There, on an unknown date between 6 and 12 May, they fought the Danes. After the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of East Anglia, Mercia, and . Until a scholarly consensus linked the battle site with the present-day village of Edington in Wiltshire, it was known as the Battle of Ethandun. Known as a royal center during Alfred's reign, the area was memorable for being captured by Viking warrior Guthrum during the 9th century. The first Viking raid on Anglo-Saxon England is thought to have occurred between 786 and 802 at Portland in the Kingdom of Wessex, when three Norse ships arrived; their men killed King Beorhtric's reeve. Historica Wiki is a FANDOM Games Community. King Harald Ivar Hvitserk . [5] In 865866 it escalated further with the arrival of what the Saxons called the Great Heathen Army. At the Battle of Edington an army of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Wessex under Alfred the Great defeated the Great Heathen Army led by Guthrum on a date between 6 and 12 May AD 878. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Battle-of-Edington, English Monarchs - The Battle of Edington. Alfred gave a rousing speech to his men, urging them to fight against the rapacious Danes and show no mercy. To his horror, Hvitserk noticed that Ivar's eyes are now completely blue as this was a sign that he was more capable of breaking the bones of his legs. The primary sources for the location of the battle are Asser's Life of King Alfred, which names the place as "Ethandun" and the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, which has Eandun. Wessex had always been the focal point for Viking raids and invasions. Battle of Edington - Battle in Wiltshire at which Alfred the Great defeated a Danish army, forcing them to withdraw from Wessex into East Anglia Battle of Edington, 878 Home - Book Shop - Wars - Battles - Biographies - Timeline - Weapons - Blog - Full Index - Subjects - Concepts - Country - Documents - Pictures & Maps As a result, Guthrum and many of his leading . Burkitt suggests that on philological grounds, Brixton Deverill may be a contender for the site. 116-117, Wood. Therefore, its best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publications requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html. Battle (See also War.) They then gave hostages and oaths to leave the country to Alfred, who paid them off. Alfred then ordered that Hvitserk be spared as he is one of the last surviving sons of Ragnar Lothbrok and makes great plans for him. 3. This name continues to be used. The new king benefited from a lull in the onslaught until 876, when Danish attacks resumed in earnest. Vimeiro, battle of, 1808. The converted Guthrum took the baptismal name of Athelstan. Telling him that what happens next was what his life has led up to. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Sources and historical context. The following year the army went to East Anglia, where it settled. anno 878 Battle of Edington; anno 878 continued; Battle of Maldon; Lindisfarne 793; Overwintering; Raids 789 - 839; Raids 840 - 850; Raids 851 - 861; Raids 861 - 878; Viking Ring Fortresses. Further Danish forces had settled on the land before Guthrum attacked Wessex: in East Anglia, and in Mercia between the treaty at Exeter and the attack on Chippenham; many others were lost in a storm off Swanage in 876877, with 120 ships wrecked. At the Battle of Edington, an army of the kingdom of Wessex under Alfred the Great defeated the Great Heathen Army led by the Dane Guthrum on a date between 6 and 12 May 878, resulting in the Treaty of Wedmore later the same year. At the Battle of Edington, an army of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Wessex under Alfred the Great defeated the Great Heathen Army led by the Dane Guthrum on a date between 6 and 12 May 878, resulting in the Treaty of Wedmore later the same Year. [51][56], In 886, the Treaty of Alfred and Guthrum defined the boundaries of their two kingdoms. The first we read of Alfred after the disaster at Chippenham is around Easter, when he built a fortress at Athelney. 1939 Onwards Children were . Ivar and Hvitserk's remaining soldiers surrendered to Alfred and were captured. Language: English. The Saxons had set a huge cross in front of their troops to give them courage and motivate them. The Oxford Companion to British History. After the victory, when the Danes had taken refuge in the fortress, the West Saxons removed all food that the Danes might be able to capture in a sortie, and waited. Statue of Alfred the Great at Winchester. The location of the battle generally accepted by most present-day historians is at Edington, near Westbury in Wiltshire. On the Norse side, a few catapults had been erected. Heavy, 1,300 soldiers deathsSister AnnisBishop Aldulf This site may or may not be it. After Alfred left Athelney, he went via Egbert's Stone and Iglea to Ethandun where he fought against the Vikings and won. For the first time in nearly 80 years, the land is in a fragile . IN 878 AD, Alfred the Great defeated the Danes at the Battle of Edington in Wiltshire. Encyclopedia.com. This contribution has not yet been formally edited by Britannica. Sets . Alfred seems at this time to have ineffectually chased the Danes around Wessex, while the Danes were in a position to do as they pleased. Interested in participating in the Publishing Partner Program? [52] The following year the army went to East Anglia, where it settled. In May 878 he rode out to challenge the Danes at Edington (Ethandun) outside the now Danish-held fortress of Chippenham. And in many ways, four months can pass in the blink of an eye. These forces began "a new stage, that of conquest and residence". Ivar's legs then completely gave out, shattering all of his bones before collapsing on the ground. In 1904 William Henry Stevenson analysed possible sites and said "So far, there is nothing to prove the identity of this Eandune with Edington" but then goes on to say that "there can be little reason for questioning it". They captured Chippenham and forced Alfred to retreat "with a small force" into the wilderness. Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. [13] They then gave hostages and oaths to leave the country to Alfred, who paid them off. Encyclopedias almanacs transcripts and maps. By the 10th century, the Anglo-Saxon model of kingship seems to have been universally adopted by the Anglo-Danish leadership. The king was lucky to escape, taking refuge with a handful of followers in the depths of the Somerset marshes at Athelney. The Viking Invasions of England. Edmund Ironside (left) fights Canute the Great (right). Chastened - but not yet broken - the Norse warlords have . Battle of Edington was an event which occurred in The Saxon Stories novel series, and The Last Kingdom television series. [8] So he retreated to the south, preparing himself and his forces for another battle, and then defeated Guthrum and his host. However, Alfred managed to contain this threat by reforming his military and setting up a system of fortified cities, known as burhs. Battle of Edington Conflict Viking invasions in England Date 12 May 878 Place Edington, Wiltunscire, Kingdom of Wessex Outcome Wessex victory Combatants Kingdom of Wessex Danelaw Vikings Commanders Alfred the Great Guthrum Strength 2,000-6,000 ~4,000 Casualties Unknown Thousands Battle Edington Memorial. In this year, Alfred succeeded his brother Ethelred, who died after the Battle of Merton. Wessex therefore remained unconquered but was still the target for Viking incursions. Primary sources locate the battle at "Eandun". "Edington, battle of The Great Heathen Army, which was formed to avenge the death of Ragnar Lothbrok, had smashed the Saxon . This is a fantastic bundle which includes everything you need to know about the Viking Invasion of British Isles across 26 in-depth pages. 849: A charter referring to the district to the south-west of Birmingham mentions the boundary of a folk called the Tomsaetan, the dwellers by the Tame, or Tame settlers. Twelve-hundred years later, another battle of that name is raging over NHS Lothian's "temporary" closure of North Berwick's much-loved Edington Hospital, ostensibly for three months. The battle was the culmination of a long period of preparation by Alfred in the wilderness - a victory snatched from the jaws of catastrophic . Novel Its supposed site in Carnoustie, Angus can be seen in early Ordnance Survey maps. Alfred came to the throne after his brother, King Aethelred I, was killed fighting the Danes in 871. 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