eleanor henry age now

A book on rebellions in the medieval era is due soon, and Matts current project is a biography of Warwick the Kingmaker, in a return the fifteenth century. The Crusade itself achieved little. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. Henry and Eleanor became king and queen of England in 1154. [28], Some scholars believe that the "court of love" probably never existed since the only evidence for it is Andreas Capellanus' book. . From 1147 to 1149 Eleanor accompanied Louis on the Second Crusade to protect the fragile Latin kingdom of Jerusalem, founded after the First Crusade only 50 years before, from Turkish assault. Eleanor of Aquitaine (c.1122 1 April 1204; French: Alinor d'Aquitaine, pronounced[aljen dakitn]) was Queen of France from 1137 to 1152 as the wife of King Louis VII,[1] Queen of England from 1154 to 1189 as the wife of King Henry II, and Duchess of Aquitaine in her own right from 1137 until her death in 1204. Updates? Eleanor had only one other legitimate sibling, a younger sister named Aelith (also called Petronilla). Rancon, however, chose to continue on, deciding in concert with Amadeus III, Count of Savoy, Louis's uncle, that a nearby plateau would make a better campsite. Upon Williams death in 1137 she inherited the duchy of Aquitaine and in July 1137 married the heir to the French throne, who succeeded his father, Louis VI, the following month. In spite of all these words of praise, no one left a more detailed description of Eleanor; the colour of her hair and eyes, for example, are unknown. By this marriage she hoped to ensure peace between the Plantagenets of England and the Capetian kings of France. It became Elanor in the langues d'ol of northern France and Eleanor in English. Eleanor Henry was born on June 7, 1897, and died at age 79 years old in October 1976. Her tomb effigy shows her reading a Bible and is decorated with representations of magnificent jewellery; such effigies were rare, and Eleanor's is one of the finest of the few that survive from this period. As such, she was away from William, who had been left behind as a figurehead, when he passed away. She preferred him to her grandson Arthur, Duke of Brittany because the latter had been raised under French wings, out of her control. He was ruthless when crossed and some of his contemporaries uneasily credited the story that his family, the Plantagenets, were descended from the Devil a tale that the Plantagenets themselves delighted to encourage. On 11 March 1152, they met at the royal castle of Beaugency to dissolve the marriage. The nuns of the monastery where she lived her final years wrote in their necrology a queen who surpassed almost all the queens of the world.. When his father's ring was sent to him, he begged that his father would show mercy to his mother, and that all his companions would plead with Henry to set her free. 18 people named Eleanor Henry found in New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island and Philadelphia-Wilmington-Atlantic City. Eleanor is the subject of A Proud Taste for Scarlet and Miniver, a children's novel by E. L. Konigsburg. Like so many other facets of their story, I dont think the traditional story paints the full picture. She introduced those conventions in her own lands on the island of Olron in 1160 (with the "Rolls of Olron") and later in England as well. See more characters from William Shakespeare. Beyond that, I think it created a relationship between Stephen and Henry that prevented all-out slaughter in 1153 when Henry returned in earnest as the twenty-year-old Duke of Normandy and Aquitaine, and Count of Anjou and Maine, to claim the crown of England. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. She was able to retire comfortably as Queen of England, with Aquitaine in the capable hands of Richard, and in doing so, take the sting out of the conflict between her husband and their sons. Although Eleanor held no formal office in England during this period, she arrived in England in the company of Coutances in June 1191, and for the remainder of Richard's absence, she exercised a considerable degree of influence over the affairs of England as well as the conduct of Prince John. Upon reaching Bordeaux, he left them in the charge of the archbishop of Bordeaux, one of his few loyal vassals. For Eleanor to be convicted of these scandals in the court of public opinion for over 800 years based on such flimsy evidence is ludicrous. A now heavily pregnant Eleanor,[25] was crowned queen of England by Theobald of Bec, the Archbishop of Canterbury, on 19 December 1154. Home, however, was not easily reached. Manage Settings [7] Her parents almost certainly married in 1121. The king had many mistresses, but although he treated earlier liaisons discreetly, he flaunted Rosamund. [4] The marriage was annulled on 21 March 1152 on the grounds of consanguinity within the fourth degree. The French, with what remained of the Germans, then began to march in increasingly disorganised fashion towards Antioch. King Philip II of France claimed that certain properties in Normandy belonged to his half-sister Margaret, widow of the young Henry, but Henry insisted that they had once belonged to Eleanor and would revert to her upon her son's death. We have a full Biography, Photos, Theatre Credits, and more! It was part of the show of power, and Eleanor played her role perfectly. She was compared with Penthesilea, mythical queen of the Amazons, by the Greek historian Nicetas Choniates. Some of the times he got himself into the deepest trouble, such as the Toulouse Campaign in 1159 and the Becket Affair that ended so tragically in 1170, it was because he wanted his rights clearly defined from these grey areas. Contemporary sources praise Eleanor's beauty. Since Eleanor, 11 years her husbands senior, had long resented his infidelities, the revolt may have been instigated by her; in any case, she gave her sons considerable military support. Although their sons and other rebels were swiftly forgiven and rehabilitated. Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine: Founding an Empire, Matts History Blog Hopefully interesting snippets and thoughts (wordpress.com). Telling the stories of Henry and Eleanor together was, as I mentioned earlier, tricky. On Saturday, 11 June 1183, the young king realized he was dying and was overcome with remorse for his sins. In Penman's historical mysteries, Eleanor, as Richard's regent, sends squire Justin de Quincy on various missions, often an investigation of a situation involving Prince John. Upon the death of her husband Henry II on 6 July 1189, Richard I was the undisputed heir. [9] Eleanor rode to Westminster and received the oaths of fealty from many lords and prelates on behalf of the king. Hi Friends! Louis and Eleanor, on separate ships due to their disagreements, were first attacked in May 1149 by Byzantine ships. Breakdown; . Eleanor of Aquitaine (1137-1152) was one of the most powerful and influential figures of the Middle Ages. Matt Lewis is an author and historian of the middle ages. Archbishop Samson of Reims acted for Eleanor. She may well have encouraged her sons to rebel against their father in 1173 and after that he kept her penned up as a prisoner in England until he died in 1189. Yet despite his impending death, Louis's mind remained clear. The revolt of her sons against her husband in 1173 put her cultural activities to a brutal end. To astonishment that has echoed through the centuries, Stephen handed over the money Henry requested. [9] Eleanor came to learn arithmetic, the constellations, and history. The four published mysteries are the Queen's Man, Cruel as the Grave, Dragon's Lair, and Prince of Darkness. [22] Henry donated much money to Godstow Nunnery in Oxfordshire, where Rosamund was buried. Henry lost the woman reputed to be his great love, Rosamund Clifford, in 1176. In December 1154, Henry and Eleanor arrived in England for their joint coronation. In 1183, the young King Henry tried again to force his father to hand over some of his patrimony. The second had been made by Henrys younger brother Geoffrey. She died in 1776, in Sugarland, Montgomery, Maryland, United States, at the age of 91. The film is about the difficult relationship between them and the struggle of their three sons Richard, Geoffrey, and John for their father's favour and the succession. Eleanor then returned to Fontevraud where she took the veil as a nun. She was portrayed by Mary Clare in the silent film Becket (1923), by Prudence Hyman in Richard the Lionheart (1962), and twice by Jane Lapotaire in the BBC TV drama series The Devil's Crown (1978) and again in Mike Walker's BBC Radio 4 series Plantagenet (2010). Henry was by no means faithful to his wife and had a reputation for philandering; he fathered other, illegitimate, children throughout the marriage. [9] Andreas wrote for the court of the king of France, where Eleanor was not held in esteem. Henry then went about his own business outside Aquitaine, leaving Earl Patrick, his regional military commander, as her protective custodian. She has been misjudged by many French historians who have noted only her youthful frivolity, ignoring the tenacity, political wisdom, and energy that characterized the years of her maturity. She had her tomb placed beside that she had commissioned for her husband, Henry, suggesting again a fondness that undermines the view of their relationship as fractious and difficult. As soon as they disembarked at Southampton, Eleanor was taken either to Winchester Castle or Sarum Castle and held there. In Paris as the queen of France, she was called Helienordis, her honorific name as written in the Latin epistles. In mid-July, Eleanor's ship finally reached Palermo in Sicily, where she discovered that she and her husband had both been given up for dead. Attempts were made to claim Toulouse, the rightful inheritance of Eleanor's grandmother Philippa of Toulouse, but they ended in failure. Join Facebook to connect with Eleanor Henry and others you may know. [9][13][14] Louis donated the vase to the Basilica of St Denis. Ive asked author and historian Matthew Lewis to be a guest today. [11] Later, during the first four years of HenryII's reign, her siblings joined Eleanor's royal household. Eleanor was suspected of instigating, or at least encouraging and facilitating, the revolt. Check out Eleanor Henry's Bio Now [23] Thus was conceived their second childnot a son, but another daughter, Alix of France. Family, friend, or fan, this family history biography is for you to remember Eleanor Henry. Copyright 2023 History Today Ltd. Company no. Select this result to view Eleanor D Henry's phone number, address, and more. Yet the existence and reasons for this court are debated. Eleanor of Aquitaine is thought to be the queen of England mentioned in the poem "Were diu werlt alle min," used as the tenth movement of Carl Orff's famous cantata, Carmina Burana.[42]. Henry is, for me, a complex character. Between 1190 and 1194, Richard was absent from England, engaged in the Third Crusade from 1190 to 1192, and then held in captivity by Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor. Louis of France had remarried and been widowed; he married for the third time and finally fathered a long-hoped-for son, Philip Augustus, also known as DieudonnGod-given. Henry and Eleanor are the main characters in James Goldman's 1966 play The Lion in Winter, which was made into a film in 1968 starring Peter O'Toole as Henry and Katharine Hepburn in the role of Eleanor, for which she won the Academy Award for Best Actress and the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role and was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress Motion Picture Drama. Learn how and when to remove this template message, BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role, Golden Globe Award for Best Actress Motion Picture Drama, The Story of Robin Hood and His Merrie Men, Berengaria, queen regnant of Castile and queen of Len, The Oxford Companion to English Literature, https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/basis/williamofnewburgh-two.asp#7, "A letter From Eleanor of Aquitaine to Pope Celestine III (1193)", "Blogging Pound's The Cantos: Cantos VI and VII", "Eleanor of Aquitaine and the Brother Who Never Was", Eleanor of Aquitaine and the Four Kings (1978 edition), Eleanor of Aquitaine: A Biography; (1991 edition), "Royal manuscript patronage in late Ducal Normandy? That made Eleanor a target, and I think it is through this lens that we need to view later criticisms of her, not to mention sordid stories that began to do the rounds. I hope I have done them justice in my biography and tried to view them more as people than political caricatures. During her childbearing years, she participated actively in the administration of the realm and even more actively in the management of her own domains. They now oversaw territories that sprawled from Hadrians Wall to the south of France. Not surprisingly, her life with Henry was stormy. She seems to have exerted a great deal of influence over Louis, something his councillors and courtiers resented. Notwithstanding, during their three-week stay at Constantinople, Louis was fted and Eleanor was much admired. Henry II was elsewhere, attending to his own affairs after escorting Eleanor there. In the ensuing Battle of Mount Cadmus, the Turks, who had been following and feinting for many days, seized their opportunity and attacked those who had not yet crossed the summit. SHARE. Richard Cavendish marks the anniversary of a royal marriage, on May 18th, 1152. In early summer, Eleanor was ill, and John visited her at Fontevraud. They were the parents of at least 1 son and 4 daughters. The duke also insisted to his companions that his death be kept a secret until Louis was informed; the men were to journey from Saint James of Compostela across the Pyrenees as quickly as possible to call at Bordeaux to notify the archbishop, then to make all speed to Paris to inform the king. [3] Eventually, Louis agreed to an annulment, as fifteen years of marriage had not produced a son. She stayed in Normandy for six months. Horrified, and desiring an end to the war, Louis attempted to make peace with Theobald in exchange for his support in lifting the interdict on Raoul and Petronilla. Arthur learned of her whereabouts and besieged her in the castle of Mirebeau. The problem was that this made them a threat to many, most notably the King of France. Eleanor Gail Henry, Age 74 Current Address:KUEAPeony Ln, Jackson, MO Past Addresses:Keokuk IA, Oswego NY +1 more Phone Number:(573) 833-GAME+2 phones Email Address:eRPOV@earthlink.net +2 emails UNLOCK PROFILE Contacts(6) Locations(4) Family(2) Social(1) Court(30) And More Phone & Email(6) We found 6 phone numbers and email addresses. [36] However, during the French Revolution the abbey of Fontevraud was sacked and the tombs were disturbed and vandalised consequently the bones of Eleanor, Henry, Richard, Joanna and Isabella of Angoulme were exhumed and scattered, never to be recovered. She immediately sent word to Henry to come promptly and marry her, and meanwhile summoned her principal vassals to renew their allegiance to her as Duchess of Aquitaine. Although the figures are intended as Eleanor of Aquitaine, Henry II of England, and William Marshall, the story is an entire invention. View the profiles of people named Eleanor Henry. In addition, having been close to him in their youth, she now showed what was considered to be "excessive affection" towards her uncle.[22]. The king of France, known as Louis the Fat, was also gravely ill at that time, suffering from a bout of dysentery from which he appeared unlikely to recover. Some, such as John of Salisbury and William of Tyre, say Eleanor's reputation was sullied by rumours of an affair with her uncle Raymond. What was Eleanor of Aquitaines childhood like? Eleanor Henry was born in Los Angeles, United States. The French royal family retreated to Jerusalem and then sailed to Rome and made their way back to Paris. [9] However, until a husband was found, the king had the legal right to Eleanor's lands. The war lasted two years (114244) and ended with the occupation of Champagne by the royal army. The annulment gave Eleanor back Aquitaine and Poitou, which she took with her eight weeks later to Henry, Count of Anjou and Duke of Normandy, to whom, incidentally, she was just as closely related as she had been to Louis. Facebook gives people the power to. I wonder whether Eleanor took a hit for the team, tacitly accepting punishment as a ringleader because that allowed their sons to be reconciled to their father quickly: it wasnt their fault, it was their mothers influence. Eleanors conduct during this expedition, especially at the court of her uncle Raymond of Poitiers at Antioch, aroused Louiss jealousy and marked the beginning of their estrangement. From there, "the younger Henry, devising evil against his father from every side by the advice of the French king, went secretly into Aquitaine where his two youthful brothers, Richard and Geoffrey, were living with their mother, and with her connivance, so it is said, he incited them to join him. [Adelaide] perhaps [based] her preconceptions on another southerner, Constance of Provence tales of her allegedly immodest dress and language still continued to circulate among the sober Franks. On 8 July 1174, Henry and Eleanor took ship for England from Barfleur. Looking for Eleanor Henry? She and Blanche rode in easy stages to the valley of the Loire, and she entrusted Blanche to the archbishop of Bordeaux, who took over as her escort. Historical fiction author Elizabeth Chadwick wrote a three-volume series about Eleanor: The Summer Queen (2013), The Winter Crown (2014) and The Autumn Throne (2016). Henry did not stop her; on the contrary, he and his army personally escorted her there before attacking a castle belonging to the rebellious Lusignan family. [29], There is no claim that Eleanor invented courtly love, for it was a concept that had begun to grow before Eleanor's court arose. Unencumbered by baggage, they reached the summit of Cadmus, where Rancon had been ordered to make camp for the night. Eugene did not, as Eleanor had hoped, grant an annulment. 4,476 Followers, 1,780 Following, 592 Posts - See Instagram photos and videos from ELEANOR HENRY (@eleanorhenry) He fled to Paris. Norah Lofts wrote a fictionalized biography of her, entitled in various editions Queen in Waiting or Eleanor the Queen, and including some romanticized episodesstarting off with the young Eleanor planning to elope with a young knight, who is killed out of hand by her guardian, in order to facilitate her marriage to the King's son. This notorious affair caused a monkish scribe to transcribe Rosamund's name in Latin to "Rosa Immundi", or "Rose of Unchastity". She was the great patron of the two dominant poetic movements of the time: the courtly love tradition, conveyed in the romantic songs of the troubadours, and the historical matire de Bretagne, or legends of Brittany, which originated in Celtic traditions and in the Historia regum Britanniae, written by the chronicler Geoffrey of Monmouth sometime between 1135 and 1138. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Others were not so fortunate: "No aid came from Heaven, except that night fell. In December, Eleanor gathered her movable possessions in England and transported them on several ships to Argentan. It allowed him to meet the chivalric imperative of helping another, and a family member too, to help prevent him suffering dishonour. Still without a son and in danger of being left with no male heir, as well as facing substantial opposition to Eleanor from many of his barons and her own desire for annulment, Louis bowed to the inevitable. Eleanor, who was about thirty, had already been queen of France for fifteen years through her first marriage and by her second she would soon be queen of England. Although this was perhaps a better military plan, Louis was not keen to fight in northern Syria. Eleanor Henry has not appeared in the West End, Pioneer Theatre Company Presents THE LION IN WINTER, BWW Review: ALL IN THE FAMILY: THE LION IN WINTER, CPCC Theatre Hosts Auditions for The Lion in Winter 9/14, CPCC Theatre Hosts Auditions for The Lion in Winter 9/13-14. Henry and Eleanor were an extraordinary couple, who lived extraordinary lives in Eleanors case about three of them. While his main focus is the Wars of the Roses and Richard III, hes a historian of the middle ages in general. While in the eastern Mediterranean, Eleanor learned about maritime conventions developing there, which were the beginnings of what would become admiralty law. Louis was sent to Bordeaux with an escort of 500 knights, along with Abbot Suger, Theobald II, Count of Champagne, and Raoul I, Count of Vermandois. Henry II's troops besieged the town, forcing his son to flee. However, Henry and Eleanor eventually became estranged. She was not released until 6 July 1189, when her husband died and their third son, Richard I, ascended the throne. Eleanor played a key role in raising the ransom demanded from England by HenryVI and in the negotiations with the Holy Roman Emperor that eventually secured Richard's release. Eleanor Henry Biography Showing all 2 items Jump to: Mini Bio (1) | Trivia (1) Mini Bio (1) Eleanor Henry is known for The Help (2011). The couple married on Whitsun, 18 May 1152. Eleanor Henry VI Part 2. In a matter of weeks, peace had returned to France: Theobald's provinces were returned and Pierre de la Chatre was installed as archbishop of Bourges. "[31], In March 1173, aggrieved at his lack of power and egged on by Henry's enemies, his son by the same name, the younger Henry, launched the Revolt of 11731174. Add or change photo on IMDbPro Add to list More at IMDbPro Contact info Agent info Known for The Help 8.1 Mae Mobley 2011 Credits Edit IMDbPro Actress Previous 1 The Help Mae Mobley 2011 IMDb Best of 2022 As the mother to Richard the Lionheart, she helped him sure up his succession, find him a wife, manage his lands while he was on campaign, and spring into action at the age of 68 to raise and personally deliver his ransom when he was taken prisoner on the way home from the Holy Land. Among those startled by this development was King Louis, who was furious that neither party had asked his consent, which he would of course have refused. Age Range Adult, Mature Adult Role Size . On her release, Eleanor played a greater political role than ever before. It was rumoured by some that Eleanor had had an affair with Henry's own father, Geoffrey V, Count of Anjou, who had advised his son to avoid any involvement with her. Eleanor remained in England with her daughter for the year prior to Matilda's departure for Normandy in September. The girls were 3 years old when "The Help" was filmed. The king, having scorned royal apparel in favour of a simple pilgrim's tunic, escaped notice, unlike his bodyguards, whose skulls were brutally smashed and limbs severed. She had her tomb placed beside that she had commissioned for her husband, Henry, suggesting again a fondness that undermines the view of their relationship as fractious and difficult. It was a gamble that did not pay off, and whether through military error or betrayal, the Damascus campaign was a failure. It seems likely that she sent word to Henry that she would be willing to marry him, and Henry, who was busily preparing an invasion of England when the offer arrived, dropped everything, and darted south. The consequences for the subsequent history of English ambitions in France were profound. When she was around 30, Bernard de Ventadour, a noted troubadour, called her "gracious, lovely, the embodiment of charm", extolling her "lovely eyes and noble countenance" and declaring that she was "one meet to crown the state of any king". But rather than allowing her to stay, Louis took Eleanor from Antioch against her will and continued on to Jerusalem with his dwindling army.[20]. As the heiress of the House of Poitiers, which controlled much of . Eleanor would well have deserved to be named the grandmother of Europe.. When Eleanor died in 1204 at the age of 80, she elected to be buried where she had spent her final years, at Fontevraud Abbey. Her semi-imprisonment in England ended only with the death of Henry II in 1189. Such disobedience was reportedly common. Louis was a weak and ineffectual military leader with no skill for maintaining troop discipline or morale, or of making informed and logical tactical decisions. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). During her imprisonment, Eleanor became more and more distant from her sons, especially from Richard, who had always been her favourite. 2. Marriage to Henry II and administration of England, Armand-Jean du Plessis, cardinal et duc de Richelieu, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Eleanor-of-Aquitaine, World History Encyclopedia - Eleanor of Aquitaine, The Ohio State University - eHistory - Eleanor of Aquitaine, Heritage History - Biography of Eleanor of Aquitaine, Eleanor of Aquitaine - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Eleanor of Aquitaine, Richard I, and Henry II. Two more strong-minded, forceful and determined people could hardly have been matched. As a wedding present she gave Louis a rock crystal vase {fr}, currently on display at the Louvre. She is an actress, popularly known for her appearance as Mae Mobley on 'The Help'. Later, at King Roger's court in Potenza, she learned of the death of her uncle Raymond, who had been beheaded by Muslim forces in the Holy Land. As she matured, she became known for her tenacity and political wisdom. As they ascended the mountains, however, the army and the king and queen were horrified to discover the unburied corpses of the Germans killed earlier. She was beautiful and just, imposing and modest, humble and elegant; and, as the nuns of Fontevrault wrote in their necrology, a queen who surpassed almost all the queens of the world.. Within hours, the king had arranged for his son Louis to be married to Eleanor, with Abbot Suger in charge of the wedding arrangements. After King Henry's death Eleanor lived on for many years, even ruling England as Queen Dowager while her son Richard the Lionheart was on crusade. Archbishop Samson received assurances from Louis that Eleanor's lands would be restored to her. The king did not announce the arrest publicly; for the next year, the queen's whereabouts were unknown. Its a fair question. On 13August 1189, Richard sailed from Barfleur to Portsmouth and was received with enthusiasm. View Elinor Henry results including current phone number, address, relatives, background check report, and property record with Whitepages. Queen Elanor's Confession, or Queen Eleanor's Confession, is Child ballad 156. Of all her influence on culture, Eleanor's time in Poitiers between 1168 and 1173 was perhaps the most critical, yet very little is known about it. When war broke out between John and Philip, Eleanor declared her support for John and set out from Fontevraud to her capital Poitiers to prevent her grandson Arthur I, Duke of Brittany, posthumous son of Eleanor's son Geoffrey and John's rival for the English throne, from taking control. The sons were William, who died at the age of three; Henry; Richard, the Lionheart; Geoffrey, duke of Brittany; and John, surnamed Lackland until, having outlived all his brothers, he inherited, in 1199, the crown of England. Eleanor became queen of France, a title she held for the next 15 years. The shocking move came in the aftermath of uprising of the couples sons. Her interest in their second son, Richard, was probably less to do with selecting a favourite child than with his having been conceived in Aquitaine and positioned to be its next duke. He may have done so to provoke Eleanor into seeking an annulment, but if so, the queen disappointed him. Henry allows Eleanor to travel to Normandy to visit the grave of their son Henry the Young King. William had anticipated her value and had her betrothed to the soon . The best result we found for your search is Eleanor G Henry age 60s in Phenix City, AL. The character Queen Elinor appears in William Shakespeare's The Life and Death of King John, with other members of the family. Trivia (1) Twin sister of Emma Henry. His sources no longer exist, and he alone mentions this birth.[27]. In 1137 Duke William X left Poitiers for Bordeaux and took his daughters with him. All that can be said is that her court at Poitiers was most likely a catalyst for the increased popularity of courtly love literature in the Western European regions. Eleanor was allowed to return to the place she loved above all others as its duchess, to train Richard in the tricky art of ruling Aquitaine. This was the beginning of a period of greater freedom for the still-supervised Eleanor. [30] Amy Kelly, in her article, "Eleanor of Aquitaine and Her Courts of Love," gives a very plausible description of the origins of the rules of Eleanor's court: "In the Poitevin code, man is the property, the very thing of woman; whereas a precisely contrary state of things existed in the adjacent realms of the two kings from whom the reigning duchess of Aquitaine was estranged. As soon as the annulment was granted, Eleanor became engaged to her third cousin Henry, Duke of Normandy. Dismayed at her attitude, Bernard scolded Eleanor for her lack of penitence and interference in matters of state. She ruled England in Richard's name, signing herself "Eleanor, by the grace of God, Queen of England". From this were birthed not only tales of an affair with Raymond as the only possible explanation for Eleanor dissenting from her husbands decision, but also later stories of Eleanor planning to run away and marry Saladin, who was around twelve or thirteen at the time. 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